Trening neurofeedback w celu poprawy wydajności szczytowej, optymalnej i funkcji poznawczych
Neurofeedback jest wykorzystywany w treningu wydajności szczytowej[1], a także poprawie zdolności poznawczych i pamięci. Na przykład w randomizowanym, zaślepionym badaniu z grupą kontrolną neurofeedback znacząco poprawił wydajność u artystów muzycznych[2], a podobnie zaprojektowane badanie udokumentowało znaczną poprawę wydajności w tańcu towarzyskim[3]. Takie wyniki odnotowano również w przypadku golfa[4] i łucznictwa[5][6], uzyskując poprawę szybkości czasu reakcji i zdolności wzrokowo-przestrzennych (co ma znaczenie dla wyników sportowych)[7][8], udoskonalenie umiejętności wokalnych[9][10], gry aktorskiej[11] oraz poprawę wyników w zadaniach monitorowania radaru[12]. W jednym fascynującym badaniu porównano trening w celu zwiększenia częstotliwości fal mózgowych SMR lub alfa i theta u mikrochirurgów okulistycznych w porównaniu z grupą na liście oczekujących (bez leczenia)[13]. Tylko po ośmiu sesjach terapii SMR lekarze wykazali znaczną poprawę umiejętności chirurgicznych, zmniejszenie lęku i o 26% skrócenie czasu wykonywania czynności chirurgicznych. Potencjał zastosowań neurofeedbacku dla poprawy wydajności szczytowej i optymalnej jest bardzo owocnym obszarem do dalszych badań. Neurofeedback poprawiający funkcjonowanie poznawcze i przeciwdziałający efektom starzenia nazywany jest „rozjaśnianiem mózgu”[14]. Ros, Munneke, Ruge, Gruzelier i Rothwell (2010) przedstawili dowody na to, że trening neurofeedbacku u zdrowych osób zwiększa neuroplastyczność[15].
Poniżej znajdują się szczegółowe artykuły opisujące zasady działania i skuteczność odpowiednich protokołów neurofeedbacku, sprzyjających osiąganiu wydajności szczytowej i optymalnej oraz poprawie funkcji poznawczych. Na czerwono zaznaczono przeglądy systematyczne badań i metaanalizy, a na zielono pojedyncze badania. W skrócie można potwierdzić, że według dostępnego piśmiennictwa naukowego neurofeedback wpływa na następujące domeny poznawcze:
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Pamięć robocza[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Pamięć rozpoznawania[28][29][30] Pamięć długotrwała[33][34][35] Pamięć wzrokowo-przestrzenna[36] Pamięć epizodyczna[37][38][39] Pamięć werbalna i niektóre aspekty pamięci wizualnej[43] Uwaga[44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Uwaga przestrzenna[55] Umiejętności wzrokowo-ruchowe[56] Rotacja wzrokowo-przestrzenna[57][58] Rotacja przestrzenna[59] Uczenie się[60] Niejawne uczenie się[63] Niejawne motoryczne uczenie się[64] Inteligencja płynna i wiązanie funkcji[65][66] Przyspieszenie konsolidacji pamięci podczas snu[67] Poprawa nastroju[68][69][70][71][72][73] Poprawa zdolności poznawczych u starszych osób[74][75][76][77][78][79] |
Umiejętności psychomotoryczne[84][85] Kreatywność i myślenie rozbieżne[90] Kreatywnośc mierzoną płynnością, oryginalnością i elastycznością[91] Płynność twórcza[92] Kreatywność u studentów[93] Kreatywność werbalna[94] Kreatywność i wydajność u tancerzy[95][96][97][98][99] Wydajność muzyczna[100][101][102][103][104] Wydajność artystyczna[105][106][107] Odczuwanie lęku u gimnastyków[108] Wydajność u aktorów[109] Poprawa funkcji wykonawczych[110][111][112][113] Łączność funkcjonalna[114][115] Poprawa równowagi u starszych osób[116] Poprawa myślenia algorytmicznego[117] Poprawa uczenia się języków obcych[118] Poprawa przetwarzania neuropoznawczego[119] Poprawa czasu reakcji (przyspieszenie inicjacji ruchu)[120] Wydajność sensoryczno-motoryczna[121] Przetwarzanie sensoryczne[122] Wydajność psychoruchowa[123] Wydajność u chirurgów laparoskopowych[124] Przetwarzanie percepcyjne[125]. |
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Neurofeedback - poprawa wydajności poznawczej
Neurofeedback i wydajność taneczna – wstępne badanie
Czy trening neurofeedbacku może poprawić wydajność? Metaanaliza
EEG-neurofeedback w optymalizacji wydajności II – przegląd wpływu na kreatywność
Trening alfa neurofeedback celem poprawy nastroju
Trening neurofeedback wolnych fal EEG, zwiększający wydajność muzyczną
Zmniejszanie wypalenia zawodowego u chirurgów za pomocą neurofeedbacku
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